Analysis of bending machine terminology-from basics to application

Ⅰ. Terms related to mechanical structure

1. Upper die

A replaceable die installed on the slider, which completes the bending action of the metal sheet by applying downward pressure. Common types include straight knife die, gooseneck die, etc.

2. Lower die

A matching die fixed to the workbench, usually with a V-shaped opening design. The opening size (V value) directly affects the bending accuracy and the adaptability of the sheet thickness.

3. Slider

A hydraulically driven moving part that drives the upper die to complete the downward pressure and return action. Its repeated positioning accuracy (±0.01mm) is a key indicator for measuring equipment performance.

4. Back gauge

A mechanical or CNC device used to position the sheet, which achieves precise positioning through X-axis (front and back) and R-axis (up and down) movement, which directly affects the consistency of the bending angle.

5. Cylinder

The power actuator of the hydraulic system. The dual-cylinder synchronous control technology can effectively avoid the slider from tilting and ensure that the bending force is evenly distributed.

Ⅱ. Technical parameter terminology

1. Bending force

Unit (KN), calculation formula: P = L * T * T * 65 / V, this is the pressure required to bend carbon steel plate.

Where P is pressure, L is bending length (m), T is plate thickness (mm), and V is lower die opening width.

2. Stroke

The maximum moving distance of the slider from the top dead center to the bottom dead center determines the maximum height of the workpiece that can be processed.

3. Opening height

When the slider rises to the highest point, the clearance distance between the upper and lower dies affects the installation of the mold and the placement of the workpiece.

4. Angle compensation

The deflection compensation system (such as hydraulic pads and mechanical wedges) offsets the deformation of the slider to solve the problem of insufficient angle in the middle of the long workpiece.

5. Rebound

The angle rebound phenomenon caused by material unloading needs to be corrected by bending compensation. The rebound amount of aluminum alloy can reach 2-5°.

Ⅲ. Operation and safety terms

1. Single-step/continuous mode

The single-step mode is suitable for mold trial debugging, and the continuous mode is used for mass production.

2. Grating

Infrared sensing device, which automatically stops when the operator's hand enters the dangerous area, in line with ISO 13849 safety standards.

3. Y1/Y2 axis synchronization

The synchronous control system of the oil cylinders on both sides of the CNC bending machine requires parameter calibration when the deviation exceeds 0.1mm.

4. Mechanical compensation workbench

The convex adjustment function in the middle of the workbench compensates for the elastic deformation caused by the downward pressure of the slider to ensure the straightness of the bending of long workpieces.

5. Mold interference check

The software simulates the movement trajectory of the upper and lower molds during the programming stage to avoid collisions during the bending process.

Ⅳ. Mold-related terms

1. V-die

Standard lower mold type, the V opening width is generally 6-12 times the plate thickness (such as V12 when T=2mm).

2. Radius Die

The upper die used to form a specific arc radius, the R value must match the product drawing requirements.

3. Segment Die

Modular combination die, through the arrangement of different lengths of die segments to meet complex bending requirements.

4. Minimum Flange

The minimum distance from the edge of the plate to the bending line after bending, usually not less than V/2+0.5T.

V. Common Problem Terminology

- Deflection deformation: the middle bulge caused by uneven pressure when bending a long workpiece

- Indentation: Plate surface damage caused by insufficient surface roughness of the die

- Sheet slip: Positioning deviation caused by insufficient pressure of the back gauge

Conclusion

Mastering the professional terminology of the bending machine is not only the basis of technical communication, but also the key to optimizing process parameters and improving processing quality. It is recommended that operators combine the equipment manual with on-site practice to gradually deepen their understanding of the terminology, and ultimately achieve safe, efficient and accurate bending operations.